Face Generation

In this project, you'll use generative adversarial networks to generate new images of faces.

Get the Data

You'll be using two datasets in this project:

  • MNIST
  • CelebA

Since the celebA dataset is complex and you're doing GANs in a project for the first time, we want you to test your neural network on MNIST before CelebA. Running the GANs on MNIST will allow you to see how well your model trains sooner.

If you're using FloydHub, set data_dir to "/input" and use the FloydHub data ID "R5KrjnANiKVhLWAkpXhNBe".

In [3]:
data_dir = './data'

# FloydHub - Use with data ID "R5KrjnANiKVhLWAkpXhNBe"
#data_dir = '/input'


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
import helper

helper.download_extract('mnist', data_dir)
helper.download_extract('celeba', data_dir)
Found mnist Data
Found celeba Data

Explore the Data

MNIST

As you're aware, the MNIST dataset contains images of handwritten digits. You can view the first number of examples by changing show_n_images.

In [4]:
show_n_images = 25

"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
%matplotlib inline
import os
from glob import glob
from matplotlib import pyplot

mnist_images = helper.get_batch(glob(os.path.join(data_dir, 'mnist/*.jpg'))[:show_n_images], 28, 28, 'L')
pyplot.imshow(helper.images_square_grid(mnist_images, 'L'), cmap='gray')
Out[4]:
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x22e77abdb00>

CelebA

The CelebFaces Attributes Dataset (CelebA) dataset contains over 200,000 celebrity images with annotations. Since you're going to be generating faces, you won't need the annotations. You can view the first number of examples by changing show_n_images.

In [5]:
show_n_images = 25

"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
mnist_images = helper.get_batch(glob(os.path.join(data_dir, 'img_align_celeba/*.jpg'))[:show_n_images], 28, 28, 'RGB')
pyplot.imshow(helper.images_square_grid(mnist_images, 'RGB'))
Out[5]:
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x22e77c1f7f0>

Preprocess the Data

Since the project's main focus is on building the GANs, we'll preprocess the data for you. The values of the MNIST and CelebA dataset will be in the range of -0.5 to 0.5 of 28x28 dimensional images. The CelebA images will be cropped to remove parts of the image that don't include a face, then resized down to 28x28.

The MNIST images are black and white images with a single color channel while the CelebA images have 3 color channels (RGB color channel).

Build the Neural Network

You'll build the components necessary to build a GANs by implementing the following functions below:

  • model_inputs
  • discriminator
  • generator
  • model_loss
  • model_opt
  • train

Check the Version of TensorFlow and Access to GPU

This will check to make sure you have the correct version of TensorFlow and access to a GPU

In [6]:
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
from distutils.version import LooseVersion
import warnings
import tensorflow as tf

# Check TensorFlow Version
assert LooseVersion(tf.__version__) >= LooseVersion('1.0'), 'Please use TensorFlow version 1.0 or newer.  You are using {}'.format(tf.__version__)
print('TensorFlow Version: {}'.format(tf.__version__))

# Check for a GPU
if not tf.test.gpu_device_name():
    warnings.warn('No GPU found. Please use a GPU to train your neural network.')
else:
    print('Default GPU Device: {}'.format(tf.test.gpu_device_name()))
TensorFlow Version: 1.6.0-rc1
Default GPU Device: /device:GPU:0

Input

Implement the model_inputs function to create TF Placeholders for the Neural Network. It should create the following placeholders:

  • Real input images placeholder with rank 4 using image_width, image_height, and image_channels.
  • Z input placeholder with rank 2 using z_dim.
  • Learning rate placeholder with rank 0.

Return the placeholders in the following the tuple (tensor of real input images, tensor of z data)

In [7]:
import problem_unittests as tests

def model_inputs(image_width, image_height, image_channels, z_dim):
    """
    Create the model inputs
    :param image_width: The input image width
    :param image_height: The input image height
    :param image_channels: The number of image channels
    :param z_dim: The dimension of Z
    :return: Tuple of (tensor of real input images, tensor of z data, learning rate)
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    input_image = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None,image_width, image_height, image_channels])
    Z = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None,z_dim])
    learning_rate = tf.placeholder(tf.float32)
    return input_image, Z, learning_rate


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_model_inputs(model_inputs)
Tests Passed

Discriminator

Implement discriminator to create a discriminator neural network that discriminates on images. This function should be able to reuse the variables in the neural network. Use tf.variable_scope with a scope name of "discriminator" to allow the variables to be reused. The function should return a tuple of (tensor output of the discriminator, tensor logits of the discriminator).

In [8]:
def discriminator(images, reuse=False):
    """
    Create the discriminator network
    :param images: Tensor of input image(s)
    :param reuse: Boolean if the weights should be reused
    :return: Tuple of (tensor output of the discriminator, tensor logits of the discriminator)
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    with tf.variable_scope('discriminator',reuse=reuse):
        # target at 14*14*64
        x1 = tf.layers.conv2d(images, 64, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
        relu1 = tf.maximum(0.2 * x1, x1)
        
        # target at 7*7*128
        x2 = tf.layers.conv2d(relu1, 128, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
        bn2 = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x2, training=True)
        relu2 = tf.maximum(0.2 * bn2, bn2)
        
        # target at 4*4*256
        x3 = tf.layers.conv2d(relu2, 256, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
        bn3 = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x3, training=True)
        relu3 = tf.maximum(0.2 * bn3, bn3)
        
        # flat and output
        flat = tf.layers.flatten(relu3)
        logits = tf.layers.dense(flat, 1, activation=None)
        logits = tf.layers.dropout(logits,0.3)
        output = tf.sigmoid(logits)
    return output, logits


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_discriminator(discriminator, tf)
Tests Passed

Generator

Implement generator to generate an image using z. This function should be able to reuse the variables in the neural network. Use tf.variable_scope with a scope name of "generator" to allow the variables to be reused. The function should return the generated 28 x 28 x out_channel_dim images.

In [9]:
def generator(z, out_channel_dim, is_train=True):
    """
    Create the generator network
    :param z: Input z
    :param out_channel_dim: The number of channels in the output image
    :param is_train: Boolean if generator is being used for training
    :return: The tensor output of the generator
    """
    with tf.variable_scope('generator', reuse = not is_train):
        # start with 7*7* 512 dim
        x1 = tf.layers.dense(z, 7*7*512)
        x1 = tf.reshape(x1, (-1, 7, 7, 512))
        x1 = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x1, training=is_train)
        x1 = tf.maximum(0.2 * x1, x1)
        
        # target to become 14*14*256
        x2 = tf.layers.conv2d_transpose(x1, 256, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
        x2 = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x2, training=is_train)
        x2 = tf.maximum(0.2 * x2, x2)
        
        # target to have shppe 28x28xout_channel_dim
        
        # Output layer
        logits = tf.layers.conv2d_transpose(x2, out_channel_dim, 5, strides=2, padding='same')        
        out = tf.tanh(logits)
    
    return out


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_generator(generator, tf)
Tests Passed

Loss

Implement model_loss to build the GANs for training and calculate the loss. The function should return a tuple of (discriminator loss, generator loss). Use the following functions you implemented:

  • discriminator(images, reuse=False)
  • generator(z, out_channel_dim, is_train=True)
In [10]:
def model_loss(input_real, input_z, out_channel_dim):
    """
    Get the loss for the discriminator and generator
    :param input_real: Images from the real dataset
    :param input_z: Z input
    :param out_channel_dim: The number of channels in the output image
    :return: A tuple of (discriminator loss, generator loss)
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    g_out = generator(input_z, out_channel_dim, is_train=True)
    _, d_logits_r = discriminator(input_real, reuse=False)
    _, d_logits_f = discriminator(g_out, reuse=True)
    
    d_loss_real = tf.reduce_mean(
        tf.nn.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=d_logits_r, labels=tf.ones_like(d_logits_r)*0.9))
    d_loss_fake = tf.reduce_mean(
        tf.nn.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=d_logits_f, labels=tf.zeros_like(d_logits_f)))
    g_loss = tf.reduce_mean(
        tf.nn.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=d_logits_f, labels=tf.ones_like(d_logits_f)*0.9))

    d_loss = d_loss_real + d_loss_fake
    
    
    return d_loss, g_loss


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_model_loss(model_loss)
Tests Passed

Optimization

Implement model_opt to create the optimization operations for the GANs. Use tf.trainable_variables to get all the trainable variables. Filter the variables with names that are in the discriminator and generator scope names. The function should return a tuple of (discriminator training operation, generator training operation).

In [11]:
def model_opt(d_loss, g_loss, learning_rate, beta1):
    """
    Get optimization operations
    :param d_loss: Discriminator loss Tensor
    :param g_loss: Generator loss Tensor
    :param learning_rate: Learning Rate Placeholder
    :param beta1: The exponential decay rate for the 1st moment in the optimizer
    :return: A tuple of (discriminator training operation, generator training operation)
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    tf_var = tf.trainable_variables()
    g_var = [var for var in tf_var if var.name.startswith('generator')]
    d_var = [var for var in tf_var if var.name.startswith('discriminator')]
    with tf.control_dependencies(tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.UPDATE_OPS)):
        d_train_opt = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate, beta1=beta1).minimize(d_loss, var_list=d_var)
        g_train_opt = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate, beta1=beta1).minimize(g_loss, var_list=g_var)

    
    return d_train_opt, g_train_opt


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_model_opt(model_opt, tf)
Tests Passed

Neural Network Training

Show Output

Use this function to show the current output of the generator during training. It will help you determine how well the GANs is training.

In [12]:
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
import numpy as np

def show_generator_output(sess, n_images, input_z, out_channel_dim, image_mode):
    """
    Show example output for the generator
    :param sess: TensorFlow session
    :param n_images: Number of Images to display
    :param input_z: Input Z Tensor
    :param out_channel_dim: The number of channels in the output image
    :param image_mode: The mode to use for images ("RGB" or "L")
    """
    cmap = None if image_mode == 'RGB' else 'gray'
    z_dim = input_z.get_shape().as_list()[-1]
    example_z = np.random.uniform(-1, 1, size=[n_images, z_dim])

    samples = sess.run(
        generator(input_z, out_channel_dim, False),
        feed_dict={input_z: example_z})

    images_grid = helper.images_square_grid(samples, image_mode)
    pyplot.imshow(images_grid, cmap=cmap)
    pyplot.show()

Train

Implement train to build and train the GANs. Use the following functions you implemented:

  • model_inputs(image_width, image_height, image_channels, z_dim)
  • model_loss(input_real, input_z, out_channel_dim)
  • model_opt(d_loss, g_loss, learning_rate, beta1)

Use the show_generator_output to show generator output while you train. Running show_generator_output for every batch will drastically increase training time and increase the size of the notebook. It's recommended to print the generator output every 100 batches.

In [23]:
def train(epoch_count, batch_size, z_dim, learning_rate, beta1, get_batches, data_shape, data_image_mode):
    """
    Train the GAN
    :param epoch_count: Number of epochs
    :param batch_size: Batch Size
    :param z_dim: Z dimension
    :param learning_rate: Learning Rate
    :param beta1: The exponential decay rate for the 1st moment in the optimizer
    :param get_batches: Function to get batches
    :param data_shape: Shape of the data
    :param data_image_mode: The image mode to use for images ("RGB" or "L")
    """
    # TODO: Build Model
    _, image_width, image_height, image_channels = data_shape
    input_image, input_z, lr= model_inputs(image_width, image_height, image_channels, z_dim)

    d_loss, g_loss = model_loss(input_image, input_z, image_channels)
    d_train_opt, g_train_opt = model_opt(d_loss, g_loss, lr, beta1)
                
    steps=0
    with tf.Session() as sess:
        sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
        sess.run(tf.local_variables_initializer())
        for epoch_i in range(epoch_count):
            for batch_images in get_batches(batch_size):
                # TODO: Train Model
                steps+=1
                batch_images*=2
                batch_z = np.random.uniform(-1, 1, size=(batch_size, z_dim))
                _ = sess.run(d_train_opt, feed_dict={input_image: batch_images, input_z: batch_z, lr: learning_rate})
                _ = sess.run(g_train_opt, feed_dict={input_image: batch_images, input_z: batch_z, lr: learning_rate})
                if steps % 100 == 1:
                    
                    train_loss_d = d_loss.eval({input_z: batch_z, input_image: batch_images})
                    train_loss_g = g_loss.eval({input_z: batch_z})

                    print("Discriminator Loss: {:.4f}...".format(train_loss_d),
                          "Generator Loss: {:.4f}".format(train_loss_g))
                    print(steps)
                    show_generator_output(sess, batch_size, input_z, image_channels, data_image_mode)
    return None
In [24]:
mnist_dataset = helper.Dataset('mnist', glob(os.path.join(data_dir, 'mnist/*.jpg')))

print( mnist_dataset.shape)
(60000, 28, 28, 1)

MNIST

Test your GANs architecture on MNIST. After 2 epochs, the GANs should be able to generate images that look like handwritten digits. Make sure the loss of the generator is lower than the loss of the discriminator or close to 0.

In [25]:
batch_size = 64
z_dim = 100
learning_rate = 0.0001
beta1 = 0.1


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
epochs = 2

mnist_dataset = helper.Dataset('mnist', glob(os.path.join(data_dir, 'mnist/*.jpg')))
with tf.Graph().as_default():
    train(epochs, batch_size, z_dim, learning_rate, beta1, mnist_dataset.get_batches,
          mnist_dataset.shape, mnist_dataset.image_mode)
Discriminator Loss: 2.8482... Generator Loss: 0.3433
1
Discriminator Loss: 1.3012... Generator Loss: 1.5840
101
Discriminator Loss: 1.2235... Generator Loss: 0.6247
201
Discriminator Loss: 0.9443... Generator Loss: 0.8617
301
Discriminator Loss: 1.0258... Generator Loss: 1.8194
401
Discriminator Loss: 0.7827... Generator Loss: 1.4291
501
Discriminator Loss: 1.3773... Generator Loss: 0.5814
601
Discriminator Loss: 0.9418... Generator Loss: 0.9109
701
Discriminator Loss: 0.9321... Generator Loss: 1.7586
801
Discriminator Loss: 1.2966... Generator Loss: 0.6086
901
Discriminator Loss: 1.0199... Generator Loss: 1.2989
1001
Discriminator Loss: 1.0066... Generator Loss: 1.0613
1101
Discriminator Loss: 0.9650... Generator Loss: 1.2873
1201
Discriminator Loss: 0.9809... Generator Loss: 0.8631
1301
Discriminator Loss: 1.5092... Generator Loss: 0.5187
1401
Discriminator Loss: 1.2405... Generator Loss: 0.6591
1501
Discriminator Loss: 0.9324... Generator Loss: 1.3587
1601
Discriminator Loss: 0.9782... Generator Loss: 0.8665
1701
Discriminator Loss: 1.5086... Generator Loss: 0.5888
1801

CelebA

Run your GANs on CelebA. It will take around 20 minutes on the average GPU to run one epoch. You can run the whole epoch or stop when it starts to generate realistic faces.

In [26]:
batch_size = 64
z_dim = 100
learning_rate = 0.0001
beta1 = 0.1


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
epochs = 1

celeba_dataset = helper.Dataset('celeba', glob(os.path.join(data_dir, 'img_align_celeba/*.jpg')))
with tf.Graph().as_default():
    train(epochs, batch_size, z_dim, learning_rate, beta1, celeba_dataset.get_batches,
          celeba_dataset.shape, celeba_dataset.image_mode)
Discriminator Loss: 4.0154... Generator Loss: 0.3875
1
Discriminator Loss: 1.4355... Generator Loss: 0.5438
101
Discriminator Loss: 1.0542... Generator Loss: 1.9317
201
Discriminator Loss: 1.2497... Generator Loss: 0.6660
301
Discriminator Loss: 1.3273... Generator Loss: 0.5571
401
Discriminator Loss: 0.8937... Generator Loss: 1.4872
501
Discriminator Loss: 1.3105... Generator Loss: 0.6054
601
Discriminator Loss: 1.3737... Generator Loss: 2.2349
701
Discriminator Loss: 1.1285... Generator Loss: 2.0511
801
Discriminator Loss: 0.8336... Generator Loss: 3.1308
901
Discriminator Loss: 0.5174... Generator Loss: 3.1666
1001
Discriminator Loss: 0.9561... Generator Loss: 2.4328
1101
Discriminator Loss: 1.1199... Generator Loss: 0.6975
1201
Discriminator Loss: 0.8593... Generator Loss: 0.9658
1301
Discriminator Loss: 1.0536... Generator Loss: 5.3492
1401
Discriminator Loss: 1.0688... Generator Loss: 0.7212
1501
Discriminator Loss: 0.3488... Generator Loss: 4.4151
1601
Discriminator Loss: 0.3777... Generator Loss: 6.6011
1701
Discriminator Loss: 0.8100... Generator Loss: 0.9968
1801
Discriminator Loss: 1.5660... Generator Loss: 8.2205
1901
Discriminator Loss: 0.5426... Generator Loss: 8.0454
2001
Discriminator Loss: 0.6474... Generator Loss: 1.2895
2101
Discriminator Loss: 0.3356... Generator Loss: 5.7742
2201
Discriminator Loss: 0.3506... Generator Loss: 8.0287
2301
Discriminator Loss: 0.7720... Generator Loss: 8.9003
2401
Discriminator Loss: 0.4822... Generator Loss: 1.9069
2501
Discriminator Loss: 1.5717... Generator Loss: 0.4912
2601
Discriminator Loss: 1.6135... Generator Loss: 0.4587
2701
Discriminator Loss: 0.4838... Generator Loss: 1.8929
2801
Discriminator Loss: 0.3508... Generator Loss: 4.7668
2901
Discriminator Loss: 1.0379... Generator Loss: 7.1770
3001
Discriminator Loss: 0.8718... Generator Loss: 0.9953
3101

Submitting This Project

When submitting this project, make sure to run all the cells before saving the notebook. Save the notebook file as "dlnd_face_generation.ipynb" and save it as a HTML file under "File" -> "Download as". Include the "helper.py" and "problem_unittests.py" files in your submission.